Maroon derives from the French "marron" (chestnut). As a pigment, it is the darkest of the red ochres — almost brown-red. Ancient humans used similar dark iron oxides in burial ceremonies, suggesting a deep psychological association between dark red and death or the sacred. The colour became fashionable in European fashion in the 18th century.

Sombre, serious, and enduring. Maroon lacks the excitement of bright red — it has aged, darkened, and deepened. It suggests gravitas, old institutions, and quiet authority. Many universities use maroon for precisely this reason — it communicates tradition without ostentation.

Used extensively in heraldry as a colour of distinction. Numerous universities worldwide (Texas A&M, University of Chicago, Boston College) have adopted maroon as their primary colour. In fashion, maroon is considered the most wearable of the reds — sophisticated and season-neutral.